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Whenever you do something that changes the Gnus data (reading articles, catching up, killing/subscribing groups), the change is added to a special dribble buffer. This buffer is auto-saved the normal Emacs way. If your Emacs should crash before you have saved the .newsrc files, all changes you have made can be recovered from this file.
If Gnus detects this file at startup, it will ask the user whether to read it. The auto save file is deleted whenever the real startup file is saved.
If gnus-use-dribble-file is nil,
Gnus won’t create and maintain a dribble buffer. The
default is t.
Gnus will put the dribble file(s) in
gnus-dribble-directory. If this variable is
nil, which it is by default, Gnus will dribble into
the directory where the .newsrc file is located.
(This is normally the user’s home directory.) The dribble
file will get the same file permissions as the
.newsrc file.
If gnus-always-read-dribble-file is
non-nil, Gnus will read the dribble file on startup
without querying the user.